g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] ckLn
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;'lglZrt ug{ tTsfn u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff u/f}+ †
;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] nflu j[xb\ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u/f}+ †
cfb/0fLo hg;d'bfox¿,
d'lQmsfdL g]kfnL hgtfn] em08} ^) jif{ b]lv ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGTo / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] gf/f p7fp“b} cfPsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] k6s g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt dxfg\ hgo'4 / ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf bzf}+ xhf/ zxLbx¿n] hLjg jlnbfg u/]/ of] gf/fnfO{ /fli6«o /fhgLlts Ph]08fsf] ?kdf :yflkt u/]sf x'g\ . ljutdf ;fdGtL b/jfl/of tTjx¿n] k6s k6s if8\oGq u/]/ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg x'g glbPsf] s6' cg'ejsf cfwf/df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] klxn] u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ dfq ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg u/fpg'kg]{ c8fg ut zflGtjftf{sf] qmddf clGtd 38L;Dd klg /fv]sf] xf] . k/Gt' @)^$ h]7 d;fGt;Dddf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg\ u/fO5f8\g] eGg] ;+;bjfbL kf6L{x¿sf k|ltj4tfsf sf/0f g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] cf*gf] u+eL/ cfz+sfsf jfjh'b /fhtGqnfO{ lgnDjgsf] cj:yfdf /fv]/ ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg] ;xdlt u/]sf] lyof] . t/ ckm;f]r, Oltxf; km]l/ bf]xf]l/of] . /fhtGq / p;sf ljb]zL k[i7kf]ifsx¿sf] u'¿of]hgf jdf]lhd dw]z nufot b]zsf ljleGg efudf xTof, cft+s / c/fhstfsf ljt08f dRrfP/ h]7df ;+ljwfg;ef r'gfj x'g glbg] jftfj/0f agfOof] . To;}n] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] k'gM Psk6s /fhtGqsf] cGTo / u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ dfq r'gfjsf] ldlt ;fg{' kg]{ c8fg /fVof] / cfufdL d+;L/ ^ ut]sfnflu r'gfj ;fg]{ ljifodf …gf]6 ckm l8;]G6Ú ;d]t n]Vof] . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ s} hf]8jndf cGtl/d Joj:yflksfsf] b'OltxfO jx'dtn] /fhtGqsf] cGTo ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;+ljwfgsf] bf]>f] ;+zf]wg klg eof] . k/Gt' To;kl5sf 36gfqmdx¿n] k'i6L ul//x]sf 5g\ ls h]7 klxn]sf] c/fhstf / xTof–cft+ssf] l:ylt clxn] klg dw]zdf / cGoq sfod} 5 . To;sf] k5fl8 /fhtGq / k|ltufdL tTjx¿ klxn] em}+ lqmofzLn 5“b}5g\ . ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg\ ef“8\g lbgx'“ ;z:q u'6x¿ Rofp em}+ pld|/x]s} 5g\ . of] l:yltdf /fhtGq sfod} /fv]/ b]zdf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg x'G5 eGg' h:tf] dxfem'7, kfv08 / j]OdfgL csf]{ s]xL x'g} ;Sb}g . ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] lglDt oltj]nf k|d'v jfwstTj eg]s} /fhtGq xf] . To;}n] /fhtGqsf] ;d"n cGTo u/]/ cGtl/d Joj:yflksfjf6} u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ dfq} b]zdf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 / To;sflglDt ;/sf/, ;bg / ;8ssf ;j} df]rf{af6 ;+3if{ ug{' cfhsf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf xf] .
b]zL tyf ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx¿sf] ;+ljwfg;ef lj/f]wL if8\oGqsf cltl/Qm j:t'ut ?kdf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg lglDt pko'Qm jftfj/0f aGg g;Sg'sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ sf/0f ljleGg pTkLl8t hflt–hghflt, dw];L, dlxnf, blnt cflb ;d'bfosf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lglZrttf x'g g;Sg' xf] . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] zflGtjftf{sf] qmddf clGtd 38L;Dd /fHosf] ;+3fTds 9f“rfdf k'g;{+/rgf / ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf] lglDt ;+3if{ u/] klg ljz]iftM g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] l9kLsf sf/0fn] / ;du| zflGtk|lqmof g} ef“l8g] lrGtfn] To;jf/] s]xL nlrnf] jg]/ ;Demf}tf ug{ jfWo ePs} xf] . k/Gt' To;kl5sf / ljz]iftM dw];sf 36gfqmdx¿n] k'i6L ul/;s]sf 5g\ ls ;j} pTkLl8t ju{, hflt, If]q, ln+u / ;d'bfosf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lglZrttf gu/L cj ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg ;Dej 5}g / u/fpg' plrt klg x'“b}g . lsgls ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg eg]sf] s'g} lgoldt ;+;bLo r'gfj geP/ nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] lglDt b]zsf] d"n sfg"g dflgg] ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ lgsfo xf] / To;df ;dfhsf ljljw kIfx¿sf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj x'g ;s]g eg] To;af6 emg\ uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] åGb lglDtg] vt/f /xG5 . of] l:yltdf b]zdf cfGbf]ng/t dw];L, hflt–hghflt, blnt, dlxnf cflb ;j}sf k|ltlglw, gful/s ;dfh / /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] j[xb\ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng u/]/ ;femf ;xdlt lgdf{0f ug{' ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] lglDt csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ k"jf{wf/ xf] . To;f] gu/L lbglbg} Rofp em}+ pld|g] ;+u7gx¿;+u 5'§f5'§} kxn u/]/ ;do / zlQm jjf{b\ ug{' ;f/tTjdf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgnfO{ w/fkdf kfg{' g} xf] .
b]zdf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] plrt jftfj/0f tof/ gx'g'sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ sf/0f j[xb\ zflGt ;Demf}tfsf ;j} k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ b[9tf / tbf¿stfsf ;fy sfof{Gjog gul/g' / bz jif{sf] dxfg\ hgo'4 / P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng kZrft\ klg cfd hg;d'bfosf] hLjgdf kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"lt x'g] u/L s'g} sfd x'g g;Sg' xf] . vfzu/L hgo'4 / hgcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf zxfbt k|fKt ug]{x¿sf kl/jf/nfO{ clxn];Dd s'g} /fxt pknJw gu/fpg', 3fOt]x¿sf] pkrf/sf] Joj:tf gul/g', j]kQf kfl/Psfx¿sf] vf]hjLg gul/g', hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] plrt Joj:yfkg gul/g', cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf eP jdf]lhd lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L / vfB ;Dk|e'tfnfO{ ;j}sf] df}lns clwsf/sf] ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ s'g} kxn gul/g', cGtl/d ;/sf/ ;xdtLo k|0ffnL cg';f/ rNg'kg]{df ljuts} PsbnLo jf jx'dtLo k|0ffnL cg';f/ ;+rfng ul/g' cflb sf/0fn] b]zdf ;+ljwfg;efk|lt hg;d'bfosf] cfsif{0f ;§f ljsif{0f j9\g] l:ylt jGb} u}/x]sf] 5 . To;dfly ;+qmd0fsfnsf] cg'lrt kmfobf p7fP/ ljleGg ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx¿n] cf*gf] cjfl~5t ultljlw / x:tIf]k j9fp“b} nu]sfn] b]zsf] /fli6«o :jfwLgtf / :jfledfgdfly g} uDeL/ vt/f pTkGg e}/x]sf] 5 .
;du|df cfh b]z uDeL/ ;+s6sf] df]8df plePsf] 5 . clxn] rf}tkmL{ ?kdf ljBdfg ult/f]w, cGof]n, cfz+sf, c/fhstfsf] l:yltnfO{ cu|ufdL 9+un] glr{g]{ xf] eg] P]ltxfl;s lgod cg';f/ b]z k'gM k|ltudglt/ kms{g] jf eofgs 4Gbdf km:g] vt/f k|jn 5 . cj b]z k'gM åGblt/ kms{g] xf] eg] Tof] w]/} 3fts, ljgfzsf/L / /fli6«o cl:tTjdfly g} vt/f pTkGg ug]{ vfnsf] x'g ;S5 . To;}n] zflGt, nf]stGq / cu|udgsf kIfkftL ;j} ;Rrf b]zeQm, nf]stflGqs u0ftGqjfbL / jfdkGyL zlQmx¿n] tTsfn ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg ;'lglZrt ug{ / b]zdf zflGtnfO{ rL/:yfoL jgfpg s]xL Go"gtd cfjZos k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] lglDt ;+3if{ ug{' cToGt h¿/L ePsf] 5 .
;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] ;'lglZrttf sf nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/x¿
!= /fhtGq / /fhfjfbL tTjx¿n] b]zsf ljleGg efudf ljWj+;, czflGt dRrfP/ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg x'g glbg] if8\oGqd"ns sfo{ ul//x]sfn] tTsfn} cGtl/d Joj:yflksfaf6 /fhtGqsf] cGTo u/]/ u0ftGq :yfkgfsf] 3f]if0ff ul/g'k5{ . To;eGbf klxn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; nufot clxn];Dd u0ftGqjf/] cf}krfl/s lg0f{o ul/g;s]sf ;ft bnleqsf bnx¿n] /fhtGqjf/] cf*gf] l:ylt t'¿Gt ;fj{hlgs ug{'kb{5 .
@= j[xb\ zflGt–;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP jdf]lhd :j=/fhf jL/]Gb| / pgsf] kl/jf/sf] ;DklQ tyf /fhfsf] x}l;otn] /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] k|fKt u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ /fli6«os/0f ug]{ sfo{sf/L sbd t'¿Gt rfNg' kb{5 / To;sf] tbf¿stfsf ;fy sfof{Gjog ug{'kb{5 .
#= clxn];Dd gf/fo0flx6L b/jf/leq /x]sf] g]kfnL ;]gf k"0f{ ?kn] / t'¿Gt} Toxf“jf6 x6fpg' kb{5 / 1fg]Gb| / pgsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;fdfGo k|s[ltsf] 5'§} ;'/Iff Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
$= /fodfemL cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgn] bf]ifL 7x¥ofPsfx¿ ;j}nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ kZrbzL{ sfg"g jgfP/ eP klg t'¿Gt} s8fOk"j{s sfjf{xL ul/g'kb{5 .
%= cGtl/d ;+ljwfg jdf]lhd ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ t'¿Gt u7g u/]/ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stfGqLs/0f ul/g'kb{5 . g]kfnL ;]gf / hgd'lQm ;]gf jLrsf] ;dfof]hgsf] sfo{nfO{ …ljz]if ;ldltÚ dfkm{t\ tLj|tf lbg'kb{5 .
^= ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf ;a} ju{, hflt, If]q, dw]zL, dlxnf, blnt, cNk;+Vos ;d'bfo cflbsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug{ tTsfn} Ps j[xb\ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ul/g'kb{5 .
&= cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] ;+rfng ;xdtLo l;4fGtsf cfwf/df / ;femf Go"gtd sfo{qmd cg';f/ ug{' kg]{df xfn;Dd To;sf] kfngf ge} k'/fg} PsbnLo jf jx'dtLo l;4fGt cg';f/ e}/x]sfn] To;sf] tTsfn} cGTo u/L ;xdtLo l;4fGt / ;femf Go"gtd sfo{qmd cg'¿k ug{ 7f]; kxn ug{'kb{5 .
*= ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgnfO{ ;xh / ;/n t'Nofpg tn;Dd cfd hg;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{ tyf ljsf;lgdf{0fsf sfo{x¿nfO{ tLj|tf lbg ;xdltsf cfwf/df t'¿Gt} :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] u7g ul/g'kb{5 .
(= ;xdltsf cfwf/df ljleGg b]zx¿sf lglDt /fhb"tx¿, ljZjljBfnosf kbflwsf/Lx¿, dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u / clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmx¿, pRr:t/Lo cg'udg ;ldlt cflbsf] u7g / lgo'lQm ul/g'kb{5 .
!)= uf}/ xTofsf08 nufot j[xb\ zflGt–;Demf}tf kl5 ePsf ;j} xTofsf08sf bf]ifLx¿ dfly lz3| s8f sfjf{xL ul/g'kb{5 / d[tssf kl/jf/nfO{ ;d'lrt /fxt k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 .
!!= hgo'4sf] bf}/fg ljleGg d'2fdf km;fP/ g]kfn tyf ef/tsf] h]ndf /x]sf /fhgLlts jGbLx¿ ;j}nfO{ t'?Gt Ps;fy l/xf ul/g'kb{5 / dfcf]jfbL g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿ dfly nufOPsf] ;j} d'2fx¿ Ps;fy vf/]h ul/g'k5{ .
!@= hgo'4sf] qmddf hLjg jlnbfg ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ zxLbsf kl/jf/nfO{ tTsfnLg /fxt ;xof]u :j¿k sDtLdf hgxL ?= Ps nfvsf b/n] pknJw u/fpg'kb{5 . ;fy} hgo'4 / hgcfGbf]ngsf] bf}/fgdf 3fOt] ePsfx¿sf] ;Dk"0f{ pkrf/ Joj:yf ;/sf/n] ug{'kb{5 .
!#= hgo'4sf] bf}/fg j]kQf kfl/Psfx¿jf/] 5fgjLg u/L ;To–tYo kQf nufpg / bf]ifLx¿dfly sfjf{xLsf] l;kmfl/; ug{ Ps pRr:t/Lo 5fgjLg cfof]u t'¿Gt u7g ul/g'kb{5 .
!$= lzlj/df /x]sf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkgdf uDeL/ x]nrqmofO“ / sdLsdhf]/L /x]sfn] To;sf] tTsfn cGTo u/L lzlj/sf] Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L agfpg ;/sf/L :t/af6} ljz]if kxn ug{'kb{5 .
!%= hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ dfl;s ?= tLg xhf/sf b/n] eQf pknAw u/fpg] cGtl/d dGqLd08nsf] lg0f{o e};Sbf klg To;sf] sfof{Gjog cem};Dd gePsfn] To;nfO{ t'¿Gt} sfjf{Gjog ug{'kb{5 .
!^= j[xb\ zflGt–;Demf}tf / cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L / vfB ;Dk|e'tfnfO{ ;j} hgtfsf] df}lns clwsf/sf] ?kdf :jLsfl/;lsPsf] l:yltdf To;sf] Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjogsf] lglDt tTsfn} sfg"gL / sfo{sf/L sbd cl3 j9fpg' kb{5 .
!&= ……;fdGtL e"–:jfldTjsf] cGTo ub}{ j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfu" ug]{ÚÚ j[xb\ zflGt–;Demf}tfsf] k|fjwfgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ tTsfn} Ps pRr:t/Lo e"ld;'wf/ cfof]u u7g ul/g'k5{ .
!*= ……;/sf/L nfesf] kbdf /x]/ e|i6frf/ u/L cs't ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{x¿ pk/ s8f sfjf{xL u/L bl08t ug]{ÚÚ eGg] j[xb\ zflGt–;demf}tfsf] k|fjwfgnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ ljBdfg ;+j}wflgs tyf ;/sf/L lgsfox¿ c;Ifd / ck"0f{ b]lvPsf]n] e|i6frf/Lx¿nfO{ sfjf{xL ug{ ljz]if lgsfo u7g u/L sfjf{xL cl3 j9fpg' kb{5 .
!(= hftLo÷/fli6«o / If]qLo cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / :jfoQ zf;g ;lxtsf] ;+3fTds 9f“rfdf /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ sfof{b]z ;lxt ;dfj]zL k|s[ltsf] pRr:t/Lo /fHo k'gM;+/rgf cfof]u u7g ul/g'k5{ .
@)= b]zleq ljleGg ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx¿sf] cjfl~5t rnv]n, cGt/Wj+;fTds ultljlw / cfGtl/s dfldnfdf x:tIf]knfO{ s8fO k"j{s /f]lsg'k5{≤ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg geP;Dd ljb]zL;+u hn>f]tsf] jf“8kmf“8 nufotsf bL3{sfnLg /fli6«o dxTjsf ;GwL–;Demf}tf jf ;dembf/L ul/g'x'Gg / /fli6«o :jfwLgtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf / ef}uf]lns cv08tfsf] k"0f{ /Iff ul/g'k5{ .
@!= cfGbf]ng/t ls;fg, dhb"/, ljBfyL{, sd{rf/L, blnt, dlxnf, hflt–hghflt–dw];L, pBf]uL–Jofkf/L, ;+rf/sdL{ nufot ljleGg hgju{ / cfd hg;d'bfosf hfoh dfux¿ k"/f u/L ;j}nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ;xefL jGg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ul/g'k5{ .
@@= g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / g]kfn ;/sf/ jLr ;DkGg j[xb\ zflGt–;Demf}tfnfO{ cljnDj k"0f{ ?kn] sfof{Gjog ul/g'k5{ .
;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd
pk/f]Qm cfjZos k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ t'¿Gt} k"/f gul/P ;/sf/, ;bg / ;8ssf tLgj6} df]rf{jf6 ;+3if{ cl3 j9fP/ b]zJofkL gof“ hgcfGbf]ngsf] pef/ l;h{gf ug{ xfdLn] lgDg jdf]lhd k|f/lDes ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5f}+ M
efb| dlxgfe/– k|rf/–k|;f/, cfGtl/s tof/L / hgkl/rfng
c;f]h ! ut] b]lv– r/0fj4 ?kdf b]zJofkL hg;ef, hgsfjf{xL / /fhg}lts x8\tfnsf sfo{qmdx¿
-o; cltl/Qm ljleGg hgjuL{o ;+u7gx¿ / hftLo tyf If]qLo df]rf{x¿sf] tkm{af6 5'§f5'§} ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx¿ lbg ;lsg]5_
oL sfo{qmdx¿df ;lqmo ;xefuL jg]/ b]zdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;'lglZrt ug{ / b]znfO{ zflGt, nf]stflGqs u0ftGq / cu|udgsf] dfu{df cu|;/ u/fpg xfdL ;Dk"0f{ Gofok|]dL, b]zeQm, u0ftGqjfbL / jfdkGyL /fhgLlts zlQmx¿, ljleGg hgjuL{o / k]zfut ;+u7gx¿, hftLo tyf If]qLo df]rf{x¿, gful/s cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿, ;+rf/sdL{x¿ / cfd hg;d'bfodf xflb{s ckLn ub{5f}+ .
wGojfb †
@)^$ ebf} #
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